Future study of colorectal cancer will refine our understanding of the genetics of the disease. This in turn will lead to earlier identification and treatment of high-risk persons. The time to come may maybe bring the use of genetic interventions to interrupt the adenoma-carcinoma sequence.
Increased awareness of colorectal cancer by the public and by incommunicable insurers, government agencies, and healing personnel will result in better use of available screening techniques. amelioration of preventive drug strategies against colorectal cancer, particularly with drugs that sell out polyp formation or forestall polyp progression to cancer, promises to be a fruitful field of endeavor.
Colon Cancer
There is ample reason to expect refinement of diagnostic and staging tests for the disease, perfection of surgical and nonsurgical techniques for treatment of large bowel cancer and its complications, and enhancing chemotherapeutic treatment by means of more productive and less toxic drugs.
A estimate of molecular markers for colorectal cancer can be measured but it is not yet clear that they have prognostic value or therapeutic implications. Measures of Dna synthesis or cell department are of uncertain value as clinical decision-making tools. measurement of thymidilate synthase activity in colorectal cancer tissue is one of some markers under investigation as a prognostic indicator.
This could be useful in development decisions regarding the use of adjuvant chemotherapy for safe bet patients, especially those with stage Ii or B tumors. other goal would be to collect a set of markers for cancer risk for an individual who has adenomatous polyps. Presumably, such testing could reflect exposure to colon carcinogens and help define the outlook for an individual. This in turn could narrow the prospective use of screening and diagnostic procedures such as colonoscopy.
Techniques to identify micrometastases in lymph node tissue are in development. These contain special stains for cytokeratin, which can identify small clusters or single malignant cells in lymph node tissue. other formula uses a technique known as Pcr for detection of Cea in resected lymph nodes. Pcr is a technique which permits rapid gravidity of large quantities of short segments of Dna or Rna.
Other techniques contain the identification in lymph node tissue of oncogene, or tumor suppressor gene mutations, which occur in the former tumor. Such techniques may be of use in reclassifying patients whose lesions are stages as Ii or B by accepted means and in selecting them for potentially life-saving adjuvant chemotherapy. Large clinical trials will be needed to resolve if identification of micrometastases by these methods for real leads to more proper treatment and improved progress.
Expression of the enzyme Cox-2 by colorectal cancers is highly variable. Greater expressions of Cox-2 by tumors are linked with lymph node metastasis, industrialized stage of cancer, and poorer long-term outlook for patients. Thus, there could be potential time to come application of this test as a means of staging and prognostication.
The hereafter of Colon Cancer medicine
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